基于Akt/ERK探讨丹蒌片对主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响＊

目的 观察丹蒌片对同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine，Hcy）诱导的兔主动脉血管平滑肌细胞（rabbit aortic smooth muscle cell，RASMC）增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响，并探讨其与Akt及ERK信号通路的关系。方法 培养RASMC，建立Hcy诱导RASMC增殖模型，实验分为空白组、Hcy组、丹蒌片组、瑞舒伐他汀组（即可定组）、丹蒌片联合瑞舒伐他汀组（即混合组），后三组分别给于丹蒌片、瑞舒伐他汀及丹蒌片联合瑞舒伐他汀含药血清。作用24 h后，Cell Titer-Glo法测细胞增殖，Transwell法测细胞迁移，流式细胞仪Annexin V/PI双染法测细胞凋亡率，蛋白印迹法（Western blot）测信号通路相关蛋白Akt和ERK总蛋白及磷酸化蛋白表达量。结果 ①与空白组相比，Hcy组细胞增殖和迁移显著增加（P < 0.01），凋亡率显著降低（P < 0.01）；与Hcy组相比，三种含药血清组细胞增殖和迁移明显减少（P < 0.01），凋亡率明显增加（P < 0.01）；其中混合组增殖和迁移较丹蒌片组和可定组明显降低（P < 0.01），凋亡率更高（P < 0.01）；与可定组比，丹蒌片组增殖略高，但差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05），丹蒌片组细胞迁移数明显多于可定组（P < 0.05），凋亡率明显低于可定组（P < 0.05）。②各组Akt及ERK总蛋白表达水平无明显变化（P > 0.05）；与空白组比较，Hcy组p-Akt及p-ERK蛋白表达量均显著上调（P < 0.01）；与Hcy组相比，三种含药血清组p-Akt及p-ERK蛋白表达量明显下调（P < 0.01）；其中混合组的p-Akt及p-ERK蛋白表达较丹蒌片组和可定组进一步下降（P < 0.01）；与可定组比，丹蒌片组p-Akt及p-ERK蛋白表达量增加，但差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 丹蒌片可拮抗Hcy诱导的兔动脉血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移，促进其凋亡，其作用可能与上调p-Akt及p-ERK信号通路蛋白有关。     

前哨淋巴结微转移与腋窝淋巴结复发关系的研究进展

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤，而腋窝淋巴结的转移状态与乳腺癌患者的预后相关。自从开展乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活组织检查以来，一部分乳腺癌患者因前哨淋巴结阴性而免除了腋窝淋巴结清扫，而另一部分患者因前哨淋巴结微转移选择术后放射治疗或是化疗以替代腋窝淋巴结清扫，从而减少了患侧上肢淋巴水肿、运动障碍以及感觉障碍等并发症的发生。近年来，少部分前哨淋巴结微转移患者发生了不同程度的腋窝淋巴结复发。对此，部分学者认为前哨淋巴结微转移患者即使不做腋窝淋巴结清扫，腋窝淋巴结复发率也未见明显增加；但部分学者则认为前哨淋巴结微转移应被视为腋窝淋巴结转移，残留的肿瘤病灶能增加腋窝淋巴结复发率，因此应行腋窝淋巴结清扫术。对于前哨淋巴结微转移的处理方式，国内外专家尚未得出一致的结论。目前众多研究者仍在不懈地进行相关临床试验及大数据分析，旨在为前哨淋巴结微转移患者寻求更佳的治疗方案。     

Aging-like Spontaneous Epigenetic Silencing Facilitates Wnt Activation,Stemness, and BrafV600E-Induced Tumorigenesis

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SOX6 represses tumor growth of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by HMG domain-dependent regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Sex-determining region Y box (SOXs) are expressed in various cells and control cell fate and differentiation in a multitude of physiologic processes. SOX6, a main representative of SOXs, is involved in the regulation of carcinogenesis in various human malignancies. However, the role of SOX6 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. In this study, SOX6 expression in ccRCC and its clinical significance were investigated. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to explore the tumor-related function and the underlying molecular mechanism of SOX6 in ccRCC. We confirmed that SOX6 was frequently downregulated in ccRCC tissues and cell lines. Besides, downregulation of SOX6 was significantly associated with larger tumor sizes, advanced tumor stage, higher Fuhrman grades, and its expression could act as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC (hazards ratio = 0.590, P = .026). Gain/loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that SOX6 could remarkably inhibit tumor cell growth and foci formation in vitro and xenograft tumorigenesis in vivo, respectively. Mechanistically, SOX6 could influence cell cycle by regulating the G1/the S phase transition and had an inhibitory effect on Wnt/β-catenin signaling as well as its target genes, c-Myc and cyclin D1. Interesting, the tumor-suppressive function of SOX6 was proved to be dependent on its specific high-mobility-group (HMG) domain. In general, our findings indicated that SOX6 was a novel tumor suppressor and prognostic biomarker in ccRCC. SOX6 could inhibit tumor growth by negatively regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in an HMG domain-dependent manner in ccRCC, which might provide a novel therapeutic approach for ccRCC.     

壮药材滇桂艾纳香及其易混品种东风草和高艾纳香比较研究

目的： 建立壮药材滇桂艾纳香专属性检验方法。方法： 采用基原鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层鉴别、分子生物学及特征图谱等方法对滇桂艾纳香及其易混品种东风草和高艾纳香进行对比研究。结果： 三者的根、茎、叶性状基本相同，区别点在于滇桂艾纳香头状花序小（直径0.5~0.8 cm），东风草头状花序大（直径1.5~2 cm），高艾纳香头状花序具密集的长绒毛；三者的根、茎横切面，粉末显微特征基本相同，高艾纳香具基部膨大的非腺毛；薄层鉴别（1）中高艾纳香比滇桂艾纳香和东风草少1个斑点；薄层鉴别（2）中滇桂艾纳香比东风草和高艾纳香少1个特征斑点；ITS2序列N-J树聚类分析显示三者具有良好的单系性，三者种间最小遗传距离均大于种内最大遗传距离；与滇桂艾纳香对照图谱相比，东风草平均相似度为0.962，高艾纳香平均相似度仅为0.789。结论： 高艾纳香与滇桂艾纳香区别较大，不宜混用，在日常使用中应注意甄别；东风草与滇桂艾纳香在性状、显微、薄层、分子生物学、特征图谱等方面相似度较高，在对二者进行充分的药理活性以及临床试验等基础上，可考虑作为滇桂艾纳香的替代品使用，以缓解药用资源不足的问题。     

食管癌术后康复期患者营养状况及生命质量的纵向研究

目的 了解食管癌术后康复期患者营养状况及生命质量的变化趋势及相关关系。方法 以四川省肿瘤专科医院行食管癌手术治疗的75例患者为研究对象，在患者术后1个月、3个月和6个月时运用患者主观整体营养评估量表进行营养评估，采用肿瘤生命质量测评量表和食管癌患者补充量表进行生命质量评定。结果 食管癌患者术后随时间的延长营养不良发生率由73.4%下降至33.5%。生活质量各维度评分在各评估时间点差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），功能领域和症状领域在术后1个月与术后3个月、术后6个月比较有统计学意义（P<0.05），术后3个月与术后6个月比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。患者营养状态与躯体、角色、情绪及社会功能呈负相关（P<0.05），与吞咽困难、进食、反流、梗阻、食欲减退、咳嗽症状呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论 食管癌术后1个月患者营养状况及生命质量较差，随时间推移逐渐好转。医护人员应根据患者在不同时间点营养状况及生命质量的变化特点，制定规范化和个体化的延续护理方案，以促进患者术后康复、提高生命质量。     

Impact of Multifocality and Multilocation of Positive Surgical Margin After Radical Prostatectomy on Predicting Oncological Outcome

Objective

To assess the impact of focality and location of positive surgical margins (PSM) on long-term outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa), including biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastasis and overall mortality.

Clinical analysis of peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Objective To observe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) caused by lupus nephritis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, or primary glomerulonephritis who were treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and then withdrew PD because of renal recovery. Methods Data of the above patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were diagnosed as RPGN and received PD therapy in Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University from February 2009 to August 2018. The patients were divided into early withdrawal group (PD time≤183 days, n=24) and late withdrawal group (PD time＞183 day, n=24). The differences of clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared. The cumulative incidence of adverse events in both groups was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients. Results Forty-eight RPGN patients were included. The median time of maintaining PD was 178(76, 378) days. Compared with the late withdrawal group, the patients in early withdrawal group had lower levels of urine volume, serum albumin and parathyroid hormone, and lower rates of gross hematuria and hypertension at the beginning of PD, and received higher rates of methylprednisolone impulse, combined immunosuppressive agents, and hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy (all P＜0.05). At the time of PD withdrawal, the levels of serum creatinine, serum calcium, serum albumin and parathyroid hormone in the early withdrawal group were significantly lower than those in the late withdrawal group (all P＜0.05). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that there was no significant difference in the cumulative survival of patients in both groups (log-rank test χ2=3.485, P=0.062). Cox regression analysis revealed serum creatinine≥209 μmol/L at the time of PD withdrawal was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (HR=5.253，95%CI 1.757-15.702, P=0.003). Conclusions PD can be used for RPGN patients caused by lupus nephritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis and primary nephritis. Serum creatinine≥209 μmol/L at the time of PD withdrawal is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.